A simple framework for a rigorous literature review

A literature review isn't a summary of everything you read — it's an argument that justifies your study. Use a process you can defend.

Search systematically

Define keywords, databases and inclusion criteria before you start. Record your search so it's reproducible — essential for systematic and PRISMA reviews.

Synthesise by theme, not by paper

Group sources into themes or debates and write about the theme, citing multiple authors. This shows mastery far better than a paper-by-paper recap.

End in a gap

Your review should funnel toward the gap your research addresses, leading naturally into your objectives and questions.